Basilica Cistern, Istanbul | Tips To Visit

Overview of the Basilica Cistern of Istanbul

The Basilica Cistern, also known as Yerebatan Sarayı or The Sunken Palace, is a historical gem located in the heart of Istanbul, Turkey. This ancient cistern, built in the 6th century during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, is one of the most magnificent and mystical structures from the Byzantine era. The cistern's primary function was to store water for the Great Palace of Constantinople and other buildings in the vicinity, reflecting the advanced engineering skills of the era.

Spanning an area of about 9,800 square meters, the cistern is capable of holding up to 80,000 cubic meters of water. This underground water reservoir is supported by 336 marble columns, each 9 meters high, arranged in 12 rows of 28 columns. The columns are a mix of various styles, predominantly Ionic and Corinthian, with a few Doric style ones, showcasing a blend of architectural influences. The symmetry and sheer grandeur of the columns create an almost surreal atmosphere, further enhanced by the soft lighting and the steady trickle of water.

The Basilica Cistern's mystical ambiance is complemented by two famous Medusa head sculptures, positioned at the base of two columns in the northwest corner of the cistern. These sculptures, placed sideways and upside down, add a sense of mystery and ancient mythology to the cistern. The origin and purpose of these Medusa heads remain a topic of debate among historians and archaeologists. Over the centuries, the Basilica Cistern has survived numerous earthquakes and renovations, standing as a testament to the architectural prowess of the Byzantine Empire.

Beyond its historical and architectural significance, the Basilica Cistern has also captured the imagination of modern culture. It has been a featured location in various films and literary works, adding to its allure as a tourist destination. Today, the cistern is open to visitors, offering a unique glimpse into the ancient world and serving as a symbol of Istanbul's rich historical tapestry.

Architecture of the Basilica Cistern

The Basilica Cistern is a marvel of ancient engineering and architectural design. Built to meet the water needs of the Great Palace and surrounding buildings, the cistern showcases the advanced aqueduct system of the Byzantine era. The structure's most striking feature is its 336 marble columns, each standing 9 meters tall. These columns are thought to have been salvaged from ruined temples, hence their varied styles and engravings, adding to the cistern's eclectic and historical charm.

The columns are arranged in 12 rows, each row consisting of 28 columns, creating a forest-like formation in the vast, underground chamber. The symmetry and alignment of the columns are precise, demonstrating the meticulous planning and engineering skills of the architects. The ceiling of the cistern is made of brick and is supported by the columns through arches, a typical feature of Roman and Byzantine architecture.

One of the most intriguing aspects of the Basilica Cistern's architecture is its filtering mechanism. The cistern was designed to filter and purify the water coming from the Belgrade Forest, ensuring a steady supply of clean water. This was achieved through a complex system of aqueducts and filters, highlighting the ingenuity of ancient engineering.

The cistern also features a unique aesthetic aspect. The soft lighting and the sound of water dripping from the columns create an otherworldly atmosphere, making it a mystical experience for visitors. The presence of the Medusa head sculptures adds a layer of mythological intrigue, suggesting a blend of pagan and Christian influences in the Byzantine period.

The Basilica Cistern's architectural significance lies not only in its grandeur and beauty but also in its representation of the historical and cultural milieu of the time. It stands as a symbol of the Byzantine Empire's strength, sophistication, and artistic sensibilities, making it an essential site for understanding the history and architecture of Istanbul.

Tips When Visiting Basilica Cistern

Best Time to Visit

Visiting early in the morning or late in the afternoon can help avoid crowds. The cistern is less crowded during weekdays, especially outside of peak tourist seasons (summer and holidays).

Appropriate Attire

Comfortable walking shoes are recommended due to the uneven and slippery floors. Dressing in layers is advisable as the temperature inside the cistern can be cooler than outside.

Photography Tips

Use a camera with good low-light performance, as the cistern is dimly lit. Tripods are generally not allowed, so practice steady hand-held shooting.

Guided Tours

Consider taking a guided tour to fully appreciate the historical and architectural significance of the cistern. Audio guides are also available for a more independent exploration.

Accessibility

The cistern may be challenging to access for those with mobility issues due to stairs and uneven flooring. Check in advance for available facilities.

How To Reach Basilica Cistern

The Basilica Cistern is located in the Sultanahmet district of Istanbul, which is well-connected by various modes of transportation. Visitors can easily reach the cistern via tram, bus, or taxi. The closest tram stop is Sultanahmet, on the T1 line. From there, it's just a short walk to the cistern. For those preferring a bus, numerous routes stop near the Sultanahmet area. Taxis are widely available throughout Istanbul and can be a convenient option for direct transport to the cistern. Additionally, for visitors staying in central Istanbul, the Basilica Cistern is within walking distance from many major tourist attractions.

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